Factors Affecting Cervical Cancer
What Factors Influence Your Chances of Developing Cervical Cancer?
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HPV Infection
The most significant risk factor for cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). While most HPV infections clear up on their own, those that persist can cause changes in cervical cells that may eventually lead to cancer.
Smoking
Women who smoke are twice as likely to develop cervical cancer as non-smokers. Smoking weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off HPV infections, and it exposes the cervix to harmful chemicals that can damage cells.
Weakened Immune System
A weakened immune system, or those taking immunosuppressive drugs, increases the risk of HPV infection and cervical cancer. A strong immune system helps to clear HPV infections more effectively, reducing the likelihood of cancerous changes.
Multiple Full-Term Pregnancies
Women who have had three or more full-term pregnancies are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer. The exact reason is unclear, but it may be related to hormonal changes during pregnancy or increased exposure to HPV during sexual activity.
Long-Term Use of Birth Control Pills
Using oral contraceptives for five years or more can increase the risk of cervical cancer. The risk declines after stopping the pills and eventually returns to normal over time. Women should discuss the risks and benefits of long-term birth control use with their doctor.
Socioeconomic Factors
Women in low-income or underserved communities may have a higher risk of cervical cancer due to limited access to healthcare, including HPV vaccination, regular screenings, and timely treatment. Addressing these disparities is key to reducing cervical cancer rates globally.